December 9th, 2015

December 8th, 2015

December 7th, 2015 

December 6th, 2015 

December 5th, 2015 

December 4th, 2015 

Space Weather Message Code: WATA20

Issue Time: 2:31 PM

Geomagnetic Storm Category G1

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.

Latitude Range: South of Alaska. Also cuts through Canada and Russia.

Induced Currents - Weak changes in power grids.

Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.

Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, such as northern Michigan and Maine.

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Space Weather Message Code: ALTEF3

Issue Time: 7:26 AM

CONTINUED ALERT: Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu

Begin Time: 11:10 AM

Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 1538 pfu

Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.


Solar Wind Speeds: 367.3 km/sec

K-index: 1

December 3rd, 2015

Space Weather Message Code: WATA20

Issue Time: 2015 Dec 03 1902 UTC

Geomagnetic Storm Category: G1

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.

Latitude range: South of Alaska. Also cuts through Canada and Russia.

Induced Currents - Weak changes in power grids.

Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.

Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as northern Michigan and Maine.

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Space Weather Message Code: ALTEF3

Issue Time: 9:06 AM

ALERT: Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu

Continuation of Serial Number: 2279

Begin Time: 11:10 AM

Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 1421 pfu

Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.


Solar Wind Speeds: 370.1 km/sec

K-index: 1

December 2nd, 2015 


Space Weather Message Code: ALTEF3

Issue Time: 11:27 AM


ALERT: Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu

Intensity Reached: 11:10 AM

Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.


Solar Wind Speeds: 410.1 km/sec

K-index: 2

December 1st, 2015 

Solar Wind Speeds: 554.3 km/sec

K-index: 3


Space Weather Message Code: WARK04

Issue Time: 10:14 AM

WARNING: Geomagnetic K-index of 4 

Valid From: 10:15 AM

Valid To: 2:00 PM

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.

Latitude Range: Alaska to parts of Russia

Induced Currents - Weak changes in power grids

Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

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Space Weather Message Code: SUM10R

Issue Time: 5:28 AM

Begin Time: 3:08 PM

Maximum Time: 3:09 PM

End Time: 3:09 PM

Duration: 1 minute

Description: A 10cm radio burst indicates that the electromagnetic burst associated with a solar flare at the 10cm wavelength was double or greater than the initial 10cm radio background. This can be indicative of significant radio noise in association with a solar flare. This noise is generally short-lived but can cause interference for sensitive receivers including radar, GPS, and satellite communications.

November 30th, 2015 

Space Weather Message Code: ALTK04

Issue Time: 7:03 PM

Intensity Reached: 6:59 PM

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.

Latitude Range: Alaska to parts of Russia.

Induced Currents - Weak changes in power grids.

Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

ftp://ftp.swpc.noaa.gov/pub/alerts/current_month.html


Solar Wind Speeds: 440.5 km/sec

K-index: 3/4 

Sunspots: 

Coronal Holes:

November 29th, 2015

Space Weather Message Code: WARK04

Issue Time: 6:23 PM

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.

Latitude Range: Alaska to parts of Russia.

Induced Currents - Weak changes in power grids.

Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

K-index: 3/4 

Solar Wind Speeds: 440.5 km/sec


Coronal Mass Ejection: 

Frosty Moon:

http://spaceweathergallery.com/indiv_upload.php?upload_id=120347&PHPSESSID=9q46s6equ1kb2nlge8h364p636

Auroras:

November 28th, 2015

Space Weather Message Code: WATA20

Issue Time: 3:44 PM

Geomagnetic Storm: G1-minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.

Latitude Range: South of Alaska. Also cuts through Canada and Russia.

Induced Currents - Weak changes in power grids.

Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.

Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as northern Michigan and Maine.

www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation


Coronal Holes: 

Solar Flares: 

November 27th, 2015

K-index:  1

Solar Wind Speeds: 314.4 km/sec

Solar Flares: Astronomers are monitoring 3 solar flares. 

Auroras: 

Scientists predict a 45% chance of G1 (geomagnetic storms) by December 1st when high-speed solar winds will be expected to hit Earth's magnetic field. 

http://solarweather.blogspot.com/2015/11/terms-k-index-u-sed-to-characterize.html

November 25th, 2015 (Thanksgiving)

Alert: NOAA forecasters estimate a 40% chance in a geomagnetic storm when solar winds hit Earth's magnetic field. 

K-index: 1

Solar Wind Speeds: 253.6 km/sec

Full Moon 

"The glory"- softly colored rings around the shadow of an airplane. 
Atmospheric optics expert Les Cowley explains what causes it: "These rings are formed when light is scattered backwards by individual water droplets in the clouds. The more uniform the size of the droplets, the more rings you will see. They swell and contract as you travel over clouds with smaller or larger droplets."

November 24th, 2015

K-index: 0

Solar Wind Speeds: 269.4 km/sec 

Astreoid- 1 LD


Coronal Holes: 

Space Weather Storms 

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs): Massive bursts of highly charged particles (neutrons, protons, and heavy nuclei) from the sun's corona. The corona is the outermost layer of the sun. 

Geomagnetic Storms: A temporary disturbance of the Earth's magnetic field (magnetosphere). It is caused by solar winds that strike the Earth's magnetosphere. 

Coronal Holes: Coronal holes are part of the Sun's corona and are constantly changing and reshaping because the corona is not uniform. Coronal holes are areas where the Sun's corona is darker, and colder, and has lower-density plasma than average because there is lower energy and gas levels. -https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronal_hole

November 23rd, 2015 

K-index: 1

Solar Wind Speeds: 343.5 km/sec 

Sunspots: 

Additional Event- A Comet

This comet is a 6th magnitude comet and is visible to the naked eye.

November 22nd, 2015 


Solar Wind Speeds: 327.7 km/sec

K-index: 1

A coronal mass ejection (CME) erupted in the southeastern quadrant of the sun. Here is a video from SOHO. This CME is not headed towards Earth. 

November 21st, 2015 

Asteroid Encounter  -7.4 LD

K-index: 1

Solar Wind Speeds: 360.4 km/sec 

A quiet day in space weather. There were no intense solar flares, CMEs or geomagnetic storms. But auroras appeared anyway.

Aurora:

Asteroids 


LD (lunar distance)- The distance between the Earth and Moon. One lunar distance is 384,401 km (238855.708 miles).

These are potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) that come close to Earth. None of these are on a collision course with Earth. 

November 20th, 2015


Solar activity: Very low. There are only two sunspot groups on the Earthside of the sun

K-index: 1

Solar Wind Speeds: 414.5 km/sec

Sunspots:

http://spaceweather.com/archive.php?view=1&day=20&month=11&year=2015

November 19th 2015 

Space Weather Message Code: WARK04

Issue Time: 4:58 PM

WARNING: Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected

Valid From: 4:00 PM

Valid to: 11:00 AM

Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.

Latitude Range: Alaska to parts of Russia.

Induced Currents - Weak changes in power grids.

Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

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Space Weather Message Code: WARK04

Issue Time: 4:54 PM

WARNING: Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected

Valid From: 4:00 PM

Valid to: 11:00 AM

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.

Latitude Range: Alaska to parts of Russia.

Induced Currents - Weak changes in power grids.

Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.





http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/spaceweather/

November 18, 2015

Space Weather Message Code: ALTK05

Issue Time: 6:09 PM

ALERT: Geomagnetic K-index of 5 (minor storm).

Intensity Reached: 6:08 PM

Active Warning: Yes

NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.

Latitude Range: South of Alaska. Also cuts through Canada and Russia.

Induced Currents - Weak changes in power grids.

Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.

Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as northern Michigan and Maine.

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Space Weather Message Code: WARK05

Issue Time: 5:52 PM

WARNING: Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected

Valid From: 6:00 PM

Valid To: 2:00 AM

NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.

Latitude Range: South of Alaska. Also cuts through Canada and Russia.

Induced Currents - Weak changes in power grids.

Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.

Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as northern Michigan and Maine.

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Space Weather Message Code: ALTK04

Issue Time: 5:07 PM

ALERT: Geomagnetic K-index of 4

Intensity Reached: 5:07 PM

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.

Latitude Range: Alaska to parts of Russia.

Induced Currents - Weak changes in power grids.

Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

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Space Weather Message Code: WARK04

Issue Time: 4:00 PM

WARNING: Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected

Valid From: 4:00 PM

Valid To: 5:00 PM

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.

Latitude Range: Alaska to parts of Russia.

Induced Currents - Weak changes in power grids.

Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

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November 17, 2015 

Space Weather Message Code: WATA20

Issue Time: 2:30 AM

WATCH: Geomagnetic Storm Category G1 Predicted.

Geomagnetic storm category: G1 (minor)

Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.

Latitude Range: South of Alaska and also cuts through Canada and Russia.

Induced Currents - Weak changes in power grids.

Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.

Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as northern Michigan and Maine.

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Space Weather Message Code: WATA20

Issue Time: 7:17 PM

Geomagnetic Storm Category: G1

Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.

Latitude Range: South of Alaska and also cuts through Canada and Russia.

Induced Currents - Weak changes in power grids.

Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.

Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as northern Michigan and Maine.

November 16, 2015 



Space Weather Message Code: ALTEF3

Issue Time: 6:45 PM

CONTINUED ALERT: Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu

Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 2087 pfu

Impact: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

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Space Weather Message Code: ALTK04

Issue Time: 10:10 PM

ALERT: Geomagnetic K-index of 4

Intensity Reached: 9:59 AM

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact is primarily 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.

Latitude Range: Alaska to parts of Russia.

Induced Currents: Weak changes in power grids.

Aurora Activity: Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

Terms 

K-index: Used to characterize the magnitude of geomagnetic storms.

G-Scale: The geometric scale

Solar Radiation Storms 

Radio Blackouts 

Electron Flux Alert 


The total number of lines of force passing through the unit area of a surface held perpendicularly. They follow a strong diurnal (daily) cycle due to the geometry of Earth's magnetic field. Maximum values generally occur near local noon locations on the daytime side of the Earth. 


Plaque-forming unit (PFU) is a measure of the number of particles capable of forming plaques per unit volume, such as virus particles. 



MeV- million electron volts 

• 10 MeV Warning: Issued when flux levels above 10 pfu are predicted.

• 10 MeV ALERTS: Issued when flux level exceeding 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000, or 100,000 pfu confirmed.

•  10 MeV Proton Event Summary: Issued when 10 MeV flux levels make a confirmed drop below S-Scale . Includes date/times for begining and end. 

• 100 MeV Flux ALERT: Issued when flux level exceeding 1 pfu.

• 100 MeV Proton Event Summary: Issued when 100 MeV flux level makes confirmed drop below 1 pfu threshold.

World Map with latitude and longitude lines 

ftp://ftp.swpc.noaa.gov/pub/alerts/current_month.html